DominiqueS: Created page with "'''Underlined''' is not a structural category. Most markup languages (including strict XHTML 1.0/HTML 4.0, and TEI), therefore, do not have an '''underline''' eleme…"

DominiqueS — Sun, 19 Feb 2012 14:52:07 GMT

Created page with "'''Underlined''' is not a structural category. Most markup languages (including strict XHTML 1.0/HTML 4.0, and TEI), therefore, do not have an '''underline''' eleme…"

New page

'''Underlined''' is not a structural category. Most markup languages (including strict [[XHTML|XHTML 1.0/HTML 4.0]], and [[TEI]]), therefore, do not have an '''underline''' element.<sup>[[note-1|1]</sup>

==Source documents==

===Print documents===

In print documents, '''underlined''' type in print sources is commonly used to represent one of the following structural categories:

* italics (especially in typescript)
* emphasis (especially in typescript)
* book/journal/serial titles (especially in typescript)
* hypertext links
* low level headings (e.g. level four or five).

===Manuscripts===

In manuscripts, '''underlining''' is commonly used to indicate

* deletions

See [[Punctum_delens]].

==Structural encoding==

===[[XML|(X)HTML]]===

In [[XML|Strict (X)HTML]], underlined text in print sources is commonly encoded using the following structural elements:

<h4>: Fourth level headings
<h5>: Fifth level headings
<em>: Emphasis headings
<cite>: Citation headings
<a href="URL">: Hyperlinks

Underlining in manuscript contexts (when used to indicate deletion) is encoded using

<del>: deletion

See [[Punctum_delens]].

Commercial browsers do ''not'' display most of these elements as '''underlined''' by default (the exception is <a href>. If your electronic document must display text as '''underlined''', this must be controlled by external (e.g. [[CSS]]) stylesheets.

===[[TEI]]===

In [[TEI]] [[XML]] [[TEI|(P4)]], underlined text from print sources is commonly encoded using the following structural elements:

[[Tei:head|<head>]]: Headings (particularly fifth- and
sixth-level headings (i.e. <div5><head>/<div6><head>
or <div><div><div><div><div><head> or
<div><div><div><div><div><div><head>).
[[Tei:emph|<emph>]]: Emphasis
[[Tei:title|<title level="m">]]: Monographic titles.
[[Tei:title|<title level="j">]]: Journal titles.
[[Tei:title|<title level="s">]]: Serial titles.
[[Tei:xref|<xref>]]: eXternal Links.
[[Tei:xptr|<xptr>]]: eXternal Pointers.
[[Tei:ref|<ref>]]: Links.
[[Tei:ptr|<ptr>]]: Pointers.

In manuscript sources, underlining (when used to indicate deletion) is encoded:

[[Tei:del|<del>]]: Deletion

Most commercial browsers do not have a default stylesheet for these (or any other) TEI elements. Text-decoration (and other display characteristics) of the elements must be controlled by stylesheets, either directly (i.e. using a formatting stylelanguage such as [[CSS]] or [[XSL-FO]]), or indirectly, after conversion to [[XHTML]] for display.

==Stylesheets==

===[[CSS]]===

Text-decoration (including '''underline''') is contolled in [[CSS]] using the text-decoration [[CSS#property| property]]. All textual elements can be assigned a [[CSS#value|value]] for this property. Relevant values for '''underlined''' text are

underline: Suitable for most occurrences in print sources
line-through: Strikethrough (commonly used to indicate deletions).

Other allowable values include

overline: text is displayed with a line above each letter
blink: text flashes on and off
"string": text is aligned to the supplied string<sup>[[#note-2|2]</sup>

====Examples====

em {
text-decoration: underline;
}

del {
text-decoration: line-through;
}

===[[XSLT]]===

There is no relevant category in [/dmorgwiki/index.php/XSLT XSLT].

===[[XSL-FO]]===

(Unknown)

===[[LaTeX]]===

To underline text in LaTeX, simply use the \underline command.

For more information on \underline, http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/teTeX/latex/latex2e-html/ltx-336.html.

For more on LaTeX, see Hypertext Help with LaTeX at http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/teTeX/latex/latex2e-html/index.html.

====Examples====

\underline{This is underlined.} This is not.

==Notes==

<sup id="note-1">1</sup> Early versions of HTML used the element <u> to encode underlined text. This usage is now [[XHTML#depreciated|deprecated]] in [[XHTML#transitional|transitional]] versions of [[XHTML| XHTML 1.0/HTML 4.0]] and forbidden by the [[XHTML#strict|strict]] [[DTD]].

[[Category:Primer]]

Underlined text - Revision history

DominiqueS: Created page with "'''Underlined''' is not a structural category. Most markup languages (including strict XHTML 1.0/HTML 4.0, and TEI), therefore, do not have an '''underline''' eleme…"